The goal of the Next-Generation Non-Surgical Neurotechnology program is to create a high resolution nonsurgical bidirectional neural interface. State-of-the-art high-resolution (single neuron or neural ensemble) neural interfaces are invasive, requiring surgical implantation of metal or silicon-based electrodes into brain tissue or on the surface of the brain. Current high-resolution neural interfaces are not a feasible solution for the able-bodied warfighter, nor are they ideal for therapy and restoration of function. However, given recent advances in biomedical engineering, neuroscience, synthetic biology and nanotechnology, there is now an opportunity to develop a neural interface that is either completely external to the body or that includes a nonsurgically delivered nanotransducer. The nanotransducer will serve as a signal transducing intermediary between neurons and the external recording and stimulating device. Nanotransducer technology could include self-assembled particles, molecular, chemical biomolecular approaches, and/or viral vectors that are administered using a nonsurgical delivery route such as injection, ingestion, or nasal administration. The current major technological challenge is to interact with neural tissue through the skull while maintaining high spatial and temporal resolution; this is important for both recording and stimulating neurons. It is also imperative that candidate technologies are safe and biocompatible. 

Proposed research should investigate innovative approaches that enable revolutionary advances in science, devices, and systems. Specifically excluded is research that primarily results in evolutionary improvements to the existing state of practice.  For example, incremental advances in EEG and MRI will not be accepted. 

DARPA strongly encourages teaming to ensure the expertise and capabilities necessary to meet N³ program goals. Due to the complexity and performance requirements of the N³ system, proposals must identify a lead integrator with a proven track record of managing and integrating disparate technologies.  Starting as early as Phase I, system integration should be a consideration throughout the program.